视频异常分析是在计算机视觉领域积极执行的一项核心任务,其应用程序扩展到了监视录像中现实世界中的犯罪检测。在这项工作中,我们解决了与人有关的犯罪分类的任务。在我们提出的方法中,用作骨骼关节轨迹的视频框架中的人体被用作探索的主要来源。首先,我们介绍了扩展HR-Crime数据集的地面真相标签的意义,因此提出了一种监督和无监督的方法,以生成轨迹级别的地面真相标签。接下来,鉴于轨迹级的地面真相的可用性,我们引入了基于轨迹的犯罪分类框架。消融研究是通过各种体系结构和特征融合策略来代表人类轨迹进行的。进行的实验证明了任务的可行性,并为该领域的进一步研究铺平了道路。
translated by 谷歌翻译
In order to avoid conventional controlling methods which created obstacles due to the complexity of systems and intense demand on data density, developing modern and more efficient control methods are required. In this way, reinforcement learning off-policy and model-free algorithms help to avoid working with complex models. In terms of speed and accuracy, they become prominent methods because the algorithms use their past experience to learn the optimal policies. In this study, three reinforcement learning algorithms; DDPG, TD3 and SAC have been used to train Fetch robotic manipulator for four different tasks in MuJoCo simulation environment. All of these algorithms are off-policy and able to achieve their desired target by optimizing both policy and value functions. In the current study, the efficiency and the speed of these three algorithms are analyzed in a controlled environment.
translated by 谷歌翻译
Strategic test allocation plays a major role in the control of both emerging and existing pandemics (e.g., COVID-19, HIV). Widespread testing supports effective epidemic control by (1) reducing transmission via identifying cases, and (2) tracking outbreak dynamics to inform targeted interventions. However, infectious disease surveillance presents unique statistical challenges. For instance, the true outcome of interest - one's positive infectious status, is often a latent variable. In addition, presence of both network and temporal dependence reduces the data to a single observation. As testing entire populations regularly is neither efficient nor feasible, standard approaches to testing recommend simple rule-based testing strategies (e.g., symptom based, contact tracing), without taking into account individual risk. In this work, we study an adaptive sequential design involving n individuals over a period of {\tau} time-steps, which allows for unspecified dependence among individuals and across time. Our causal target parameter is the mean latent outcome we would have obtained after one time-step, if, starting at time t given the observed past, we had carried out a stochastic intervention that maximizes the outcome under a resource constraint. We propose an Online Super Learner for adaptive sequential surveillance that learns the optimal choice of tests strategies over time while adapting to the current state of the outbreak. Relying on a series of working models, the proposed method learns across samples, through time, or both: based on the underlying (unknown) structure in the data. We present an identification result for the latent outcome in terms of the observed data, and demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed strategy in a simulation modeling a residential university environment during the COVID-19 pandemic.
translated by 谷歌翻译
We study critical systems that allocate scarce resources to satisfy basic needs, such as homeless services that provide housing. These systems often support communities disproportionately affected by systemic racial, gender, or other injustices, so it is crucial to design these systems with fairness considerations in mind. To address this problem, we propose a framework for evaluating fairness in contextual resource allocation systems that is inspired by fairness metrics in machine learning. This framework can be applied to evaluate the fairness properties of a historical policy, as well as to impose constraints in the design of new (counterfactual) allocation policies. Our work culminates with a set of incompatibility results that investigate the interplay between the different fairness metrics we propose. Notably, we demonstrate that: 1) fairness in allocation and fairness in outcomes are usually incompatible; 2) policies that prioritize based on a vulnerability score will usually result in unequal outcomes across groups, even if the score is perfectly calibrated; 3) policies using contextual information beyond what is needed to characterize baseline risk and treatment effects can be fairer in their outcomes than those using just baseline risk and treatment effects; and 4) policies using group status in addition to baseline risk and treatment effects are as fair as possible given all available information. Our framework can help guide the discussion among stakeholders in deciding which fairness metrics to impose when allocating scarce resources.
translated by 谷歌翻译
这项研究表明,预期和实际相互作用如何影响老年人的SAR量化量化。这项研究包括两个部分:在线调查,可通过视频观看SAR和接受研究的验收研究来探索预期的交互作用,其中老年人与机器人进行了互动。这项研究的两个部分均在Gymmy的帮助下完成,这是一种机器人系统,我们的实验室开发了用于培训老年人身体和认知活动的培训。两个研究部分都表现出相似的用户响应,表明用户可以通过预期的互动来预测SAR的接受。索引术语:衰老,人类机器人互动,老年人,质量评估,社会辅助机器人,技术接受,技术恐惧症,信任,用户体验。
translated by 谷歌翻译
体育活动对于健康和福祉很重要,但只有很少的人满足世界卫生组织的体育活动标准。机器人运动教练的开发可以帮助增加训练的可及性和动力。用户的接受和信任对于成功实施这种辅助机器人至关重要。这可能会受到机器人系统和机器人性能的透明度的影响,尤其是其失败。该研究对与任务,人,机器人和相互作用(T-HRI)相关的透明度水平进行了初步研究,并进行了相应调整的机器人行为。在一部分实验中,机器人性能失败允许分析与故障有关的T-HRI水平的影响。在机器人性能中遇到失败的参与者表现出比没有经历这种失败的人的接受程度和信任水平要低。此外,T-HRI级别和参与者群体之间的接受度量存在差异,这暗示了未来研究的几个方向。
translated by 谷歌翻译
社交机器人已被用来以各种方式来协助心理健康,例如帮助自闭症儿童改善其社交技能和执行功能,例如共同关注和身体意识。他们还用于通过减少孤立和孤独感,并支持青少年和儿童的心理健康来帮助老年人。但是,这一领域的现有工作仅通过社交机器人对人类活动的互动响应来帮助他们学习相关技能,从而通过社交机器人表现出对心理健康的支持。我们假设人类还可以通过与社交机器人释放或分享其心理健康数据来从社交机器人那里获得帮助。在本文中,我们提出了一项人类机器人相互作用(HRI)研究,以评估这一假设。在为期五天的研究中,共有五十五名(n = 55)的参与者与社交机器人分享了他们的内在情绪和压力水平。我们看到大多数积极的结果表明,值得在这个方向上进行未来的工作,以及社会机器人在很大程度上支持心理健康的潜力。
translated by 谷歌翻译
该卷包含来自机器学习挑战的选定贡献“发现玛雅人的奥秘”,该挑战在欧洲机器学习和数据库中知识发现的欧洲挑战赛曲目(ECML PKDD 2021)中提出。遥感大大加速了古代玛雅人森林地区的传统考古景观调查。典型的探索和发现尝试,除了关注整个古老的城市外,还集中在单个建筑物和结构上。最近,已经成功地尝试了使用机器学习来识别古代玛雅人定居点。这些尝试虽然相关,但却集中在狭窄的区域上,并依靠高质量的空中激光扫描(ALS)数据,该数据仅涵盖古代玛雅人曾经定居的地区的一小部分。另一方面,由欧洲航天局(ESA)哨兵任务制作的卫星图像数据很丰富,更重要的是公开。旨在通过执行不同类型的卫星图像(Sentinel-1和Sentinel-2和ALS)的集成图像细分来定位和识别古老的Maya架构(建筑物,Aguadas和平台)的“发现和识别古代玛雅体系结构(建筑物,Aguadas和平台)的挑战的“发现和识别古老的玛雅体系结构(建筑物,阿吉达斯和平台)的“发现玛雅的奥秘”的挑战, (LIDAR)数据。
translated by 谷歌翻译
在处理表格数据时,基于回归和决策树的模型是一个流行的选择,因为与其他模型类别相比,它们在此类任务上提供了高精度及其易于应用。但是,在图形结构数据方面,当前的树学习算法不提供管理数据结构的工具,而不是依靠功能工程。在这项工作中,我们解决了上述差距,并引入了图形树(GTA),这是一个新的基于树的学习算法,旨在在图形上操作。 GTA既利用图形结构又利用了顶点的特征,并采用了一种注意机制,该机制允许决策专注于图形的子结构。我们分析了GTA模型,并表明它们比平原决策树更具表现力。我们还在多个图和节点预测基准上证明了GTA的好处。在这些实验中,GTA始终优于其他基于树的模型,并且通常优于其他类型的图形学习算法,例如图形神经网络(GNNS)和图核。最后,我们还为GTA提供了一种解释性机制,并证明它可以提供直观的解释。
translated by 谷歌翻译
汇总数据通常出现在社会经济和公共安全等各个领域。汇总数据与点不关联,而与支持(例如,城市中的空间区域)相关联。由于支撑物可能取决于属性(例如贫困率和犯罪率),因此对此类数据进行建模并不直接。本文提供了一个多输出高斯流程(MOGP)模型,该模型使用各自粒度的多个聚合数据集侵入属性的功能。在提出的模型中,每个属性的函数被认为是建模为独立潜在GPS的线性混合的依赖GP。我们设计一个具有每个属性聚合过程的观察模型;该过程是GP在相应支持上的组成部分。我们还引入了混合权重的先验分布,该分布可以通过共享先验来跨域(例如城市)进行知识转移。在这种情况下,这是有利的,因为城市中的空间汇总数据集太粗糙而无法插值。提出的模型仍然可以通过利用其他城市中的聚合数据集来准确地预测属性。提出的模型的推断是基于变异贝叶的,它使人们能够使用来自多个域的聚合数据集学习模型参数。该实验表明,所提出的模型在改善现实世界数据集上的粗粒骨料数据的任务中胜过:北京的空气污染物的时间序列以及来自纽约市和芝加哥的各种空间数据集。
translated by 谷歌翻译